Amoeba Operating System

TL;DR
Amoeba Operating System Based On: Designed from scratch for distributed systems research Architecture Support: x86, older UNIX workstation hardware
π§© 1. Basic Information
Field                                      β>Description
OS Name                        β>Amoeba Operating System
Developer                       β>Andrew S. Tanenbaum & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
First Released                β>1989
Latest Version               β>Amoeba 5.x (research-focused updates)
License Type                 β>Open source (custom academic license)
Supported Platforms    β>Mainly x86, historically Sun SPARC & Motorola 68030
Still Active?                   β>β οΈ Not actively maintained, used mainly in academia
βοΈ 2. Kernel & Architecture
Kernel Type: Microkernel
Based On: Designed from scratch for distributed systems research
Architecture Support: x86, older UNIX workstation hardware
Boot System: Standard UNIX-style bootloader for standalone nodes
Key Concept: Object-based distributed OS β a single system image over multiple machines
Communication: All services via message passing over RPC
π 3. Key Features
Distributed processing: Looks like a single time-sharing system even across multiple computers
Microkernel: Runs minimal code in kernel mode for stability & security
Capability-based security: Fine-grained access control to objects & resources
Load balancing: Automatically distributes processes over CPUs
UNIX-like shell & tools: Familiar CLI environment for developers
Fast remote file system operations
π 4. Version History & Important Milestones β
Version / Event                   β>Year                      β>Milestone / Impact
Initial development        β>Late 1980s    β>Created by Andrew Tanenbaumβs team for research
Amoeba 1β3                   β>~1989β91      β>Demonstrated microkernel + distributed objects
Amoeba 4                       β>~1993          β>More stable, used in teaching OS concepts
Amoeba 5.x                    β>~1996Β±        β>Last major versions; open-sourced for research
Influences                       β>2000sΒ±        β>Helped inspire other microkernel research (Minix 3, L4 ideas
π― 5. Target Audience & Use Cases
Operating systems researchers: Testing distributed kernel concepts
University courses: Teaching microkernel & distributed OS design
Enthusiasts: Experimenting with message-passing systems
Not designed for production desktops or servers
β 6. Pros & Cons
                                     Pros                                                                                        β>Cons
Excellent for teaching OS architecture                          β>Not actively maintained today
Truly distributed, single-system-image model             β>Limited hardware support
Microkernel = modular, stable, secure                          β>Not suitable for general-purpose use
Inspired many later systems & textbooks                    β>Sparse documentation & community
π¨ 7. UI Demo & Visuals
Amoeba doesnβt have a modern GUI; uses a text-based shell
Show compiling and running small processes across nodes
Display capability lists (to demonstrate security model)
Demonstrate the run command automatically dispatching tasks over CPUs
π¦ 8. Ecosystem & App Support
UNIX-like CLI tools (ls, cp, vi, gcc, etc.)
Includes distributed file system, RPC tools, system servers
Mainly designed for writing & testing new distributed algorithms
π 9. Security & Updates
Capability-based security: tokens determine access to objects
Minimal surface in kernel due to microkernel design
No active security patches β mostly frozen for academic use
Still serves as reference for secure OS design papers
π 10. Community, License & Development
License: Custom academic open source license (free for study & modification)
Historically maintained by Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Community mostly academic, limited activity on modern platforms
Source code & papers still referenced in distributed OS research
Inspired Tanenbaumβs later Minix 3, which is also microkernel-based
